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Showing posts with label Washing. Show all posts

Monday, 25 May 2020

May 25, 2020

How to Pigment wash ll Textile Farm


Pigment wash:




Pigment wash: Add caption Pigment is usually done in pigment dyeing scales of garments or pigments in garment scales. This is due to the antique look of fabric. Garment stiff after pigment dyeing is done to remove it altogether. First Stage: 1. Batch Weight Holds 80 Kg Twill / Canvas Pants 2. Water ratio or Liquor line is L: R - 1: 8, then according to the water requirement (80 x 8) = 640 liter 3. When the water is given, the machine wash be run. 4. Camel Docking: Kosic soda 512 grams at 0.8 gpl Soda AS is 960 g at 1.50 gpl Ditergent is 512 grams at 0.8 gpl 5. Temperatures should be run at 50 ° C - 60 ° C degree temperature 6. Run-time is not specific or it wash depend on our Sed Achievement. The fabric wash be run on the machine as long as it does not come. 7. After that the sedance wash then drain the bath. 8. 5 minutes of hot air in 50 degree temperature 9. Drain the bath and take 5 minutes of hot water in cold water. 10. After that you have to give a cold breath Second Stage: 1. Water Liquor Ratios L: R - 480 Liters at 6: 6 2. Machine running 3. Camel Docking: Flex sifenera 0.6 gm / liter - 252 gm Acetic Acid 0.5 Gram / Liter - 210gm (pH 4.5-5.5) Silicone 0.4 gram / liter for slip hand Fill - 192 grams Runtime wash be given 15-225 minutes by docking the camera 4. After 15 to 25 minutes the bath wash be drained. 5. After that, the garments wash be taken by the cold winds. 6. Unload and take the trolley. 3rd step Hydroxactor wash have to remove the access water within the fabric, 2-4 minutes extracting time. 4th Step Drying can be done using a steam dryer / gas dryer and here are two dryer drying procedures. Steam dryer Loads of steam drawers - 50kg Temperatures 60-70 Degree Time 40-50 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry Gas dryer Load gas dirair - 50 kg Temperatures 70-85 Degree Time 30-35 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry 5th Stage When unloading from the machine, multiply the body by squeezing it out and check it out in 100% hot water. Deep shed machine wash be lifted again and again. Some samples of pigment was found
How to Pigment wash 

Pigment is usually done in pigment dyeing scales of garments or pigments in garment scales. This is due to the antique look of fabric. Garment stiff after pigment dyeing is done to remove it altogether.
First Stage:
1. Batch Weight Holds 80 Kg Twill / Canvas Pants
2. Water ratio or Liquor line is L: R - 1: 8, then according to the water requirement (80 x 8) = 640 liter
3. When the water is given, the machine wash be run.
4. Camel Docking:Kosic soda 512 grams at 0.8 gplSoda AS is 960 g at 1.50 gplDitergent is 512 grams at 0.8 gpl
5. Temperatures should be run at 50 ° C - 60 ° C degree temperature
6. Run-time is not specific or it wash depend on our Sed Achievement. The fabric wash be run on the machine as long as it does not come.
7. After that the sedance wash then drain the bath.
8. 5 minutes of hot air in 50 degree temperature
9. Drain the bath and take 5 minutes of hot water in cold water.
10. After that you have to give a cold breath

Pigment wash: Pigment wash: Add caption Pigment is usually done in pigment dyeing scales of garments or pigments in garment scales. This is due to the antique look of fabric. Garment stiff after pigment dyeing is done to remove it altogether. First Stage: 1. Batch Weight Holds 80 Kg Twill / Canvas Pants 2. Water ratio or Liquor line is L: R - 1: 8, then according to the water requirement (80 x 8) = 640 liter 3. When the water is given, the machine wash be run. 4. Camel Docking: Kosic soda 512 grams at 0.8 gpl Soda AS is 960 g at 1.50 gpl Ditergent is 512 grams at 0.8 gpl 5. Temperatures should be run at 50 ° C - 60 ° C degree temperature 6. Run-time is not specific or it wash depend on our Sed Achievement. The fabric wash be run on the machine as long as it does not come. 7. After that the sedance wash then drain the bath. 8. 5 minutes of hot air in 50 degree temperature 9. Drain the bath and take 5 minutes of hot water in cold water. 10. After that you have to give a cold breath Second Stage: 1. Water Liquor Ratios L: R - 480 Liters at 6: 6 2. Machine running 3. Camel Docking: Flex sifenera 0.6 gm / liter - 252 gm Acetic Acid 0.5 Gram / Liter - 210gm (pH 4.5-5.5) Silicone 0.4 gram / liter for slip hand Fill - 192 grams Runtime wash be given 15-225 minutes by docking the camera 4. After 15 to 25 minutes the bath wash be drained. 5. After that, the garments wash be taken by the cold winds. 6. Unload and take the trolley. 3rd step Hydroxactor wash have to remove the access water within the fabric, 2-4 minutes extracting time. 4th Step Drying can be done using a steam dryer / gas dryer and here are two dryer drying procedures. Steam dryer Loads of steam drawers - 50kg Temperatures 60-70 Degree Time 40-50 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry Gas dryer Load gas dirair - 50 kg Temperatures 70-85 Degree Time 30-35 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry 5th Stage When unloading from the machine, multiply the body by squeezing it out and check it out in 100% hot water. Deep shed machine wash be lifted again and again. Some samples of pigment was found How to Pigment wash Pigment is usually done in pigment dyeing scales of garments or pigments in garment scales. This is due to the antique look of fabric. Garment stiff after pigment dyeing is done to remove it altogether. First Stage: 1. Batch Weight Holds 80 Kg Twill / Canvas Pants 2. Water ratio or Liquor line is L: R - 1: 8, then according to the water requirement (80 x 8) = 640 liter 3. When the water is given, the machine wash be run. 4. Camel Docking: Kosic soda 512 grams at 0.8 gpl Soda AS is 960 g at 1.50 gpl Ditergent is 512 grams at 0.8 gpl 5. Temperatures should be run at 50 ° C - 60 ° C degree temperature 6. Run-time is not specific or it wash depend on our Sed Achievement. The fabric wash be run on the machine as long as it does not come. 7. After that the sedance wash then drain the bath. 8. 5 minutes of hot air in 50 degree temperature 9. Drain the bath and take 5 minutes of hot water in cold water. 10. After that you have to give a cold breath How to Pigment wash Second Stage: 1. Water Liquor Ratios L: R - 480 Liters at 6: 6 2. Machine running 3. Camel Docking: Flex sifenera 0.6 gm / liter - 252 gm Acetic Acid 0.5 Gram / Liter - 210gm (pH 4.5-5.5) Silicone 0.4 gram / liter for slip hand Fill - 192 grams Runtime wash be given 15-225 minutes by docking the camera 4. After 15 to 25 minutes the bath wash be drained. 5. After that, the garments wash be taken by the cold winds. 6. Unload and take the trolley. 3rd step Hydroxactor wash have to remove the access water within the fabric, 2-4 minutes extracting time. 4th Step Drying can be done using a steam dryer / gas dryer and here are two dryer drying procedures. Steam dryer Loads of steam drawers - 50kg Temperatures 60-70 Degree Time 40-50 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry Gas dryer Load gas dirair - 50 kg Temperatures 70-85 Degree Time 30-35 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry 5th Stage When unloading from the machine, multiply the body by squeezing it out and check it out in 100% hot water. Deep shed machine wash be lifted again and again. Some samples of pigment was found
How to Pigment wash


Second Stage:
1. Water Liquor Ratios L: R - 480 Liters at 6: 6
2. Machine running
3. Camel Docking:Flex sifenera 0.6 gm / liter - 252 gmAcetic Acid 0.5 Gram / Liter - 210gm (pH 4.5-5.5)Silicone 0.4 gram / liter for slip hand Fill - 192 gramsRuntime wash be given 15-225 minutes by docking the camera
4. After 15 to 25 minutes the bath wash be drained.
5. After that, the garments wash be taken by the cold winds.
6. Unload and take the trolley.





3rd stepHydroxactor wash have to remove the access water within the fabric, 2-4 minutes extracting time.






4th StepDrying can be done using a steam dryer / gas dryer and here are two dryer drying procedures.
Steam dryerLoads of steam drawers - 50kgTemperatures 60-70 DegreeTime 40-50 minutesTime 10-15 minutes cold dry
Gas dryerLoad gas dirair - 50 kgTemperatures 70-85 DegreeTime 30-35 minutesTime 10-15 minutes cold dry
Pigment wash: Pigment wash: Add caption Pigment is usually done in pigment dyeing scales of garments or pigments in garment scales. This is due to the antique look of fabric. Garment stiff after pigment dyeing is done to remove it altogether. First Stage: 1. Batch Weight Holds 80 Kg Twill / Canvas Pants 2. Water ratio or Liquor line is L: R - 1: 8, then according to the water requirement (80 x 8) = 640 liter 3. When the water is given, the machine wash be run. 4. Camel Docking: Kosic soda 512 grams at 0.8 gpl Soda AS is 960 g at 1.50 gpl Ditergent is 512 grams at 0.8 gpl 5. Temperatures should be run at 50 ° C - 60 ° C degree temperature 6. Run-time is not specific or it wash depend on our Sed Achievement. The fabric wash be run on the machine as long as it does not come. 7. After that the sedance wash then drain the bath. 8. 5 minutes of hot air in 50 degree temperature 9. Drain the bath and take 5 minutes of hot water in cold water. 10. After that you have to give a cold breath Second Stage: 1. Water Liquor Ratios L: R - 480 Liters at 6: 6 2. Machine running 3. Camel Docking: Flex sifenera 0.6 gm / liter - 252 gm Acetic Acid 0.5 Gram / Liter - 210gm (pH 4.5-5.5) Silicone 0.4 gram / liter for slip hand Fill - 192 grams Runtime wash be given 15-225 minutes by docking the camera 4. After 15 to 25 minutes the bath wash be drained. 5. After that, the garments wash be taken by the cold winds. 6. Unload and take the trolley. 3rd step Hydroxactor wash have to remove the access water within the fabric, 2-4 minutes extracting time. 4th Step Drying can be done using a steam dryer / gas dryer and here are two dryer drying procedures. Steam dryer Loads of steam drawers - 50kg Temperatures 60-70 Degree Time 40-50 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry Gas dryer Load gas dirair - 50 kg Temperatures 70-85 Degree Time 30-35 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry 5th Stage When unloading from the machine, multiply the body by squeezing it out and check it out in 100% hot water. Deep shed machine wash be lifted again and again. Some samples of pigment was found How to Pigment wash Pigment is usually done in pigment dyeing scales of garments or pigments in garment scales. This is due to the antique look of fabric. Garment stiff after pigment dyeing is done to remove it altogether. First Stage: 1. Batch Weight Holds 80 Kg Twill / Canvas Pants 2. Water ratio or Liquor line is L: R - 1: 8, then according to the water requirement (80 x 8) = 640 liter 3. When the water is given, the machine wash be run. 4. Camel Docking: Kosic soda 512 grams at 0.8 gpl Soda AS is 960 g at 1.50 gpl Ditergent is 512 grams at 0.8 gpl 5. Temperatures should be run at 50 ° C - 60 ° C degree temperature 6. Run-time is not specific or it wash depend on our Sed Achievement. The fabric wash be run on the machine as long as it does not come. 7. After that the sedance wash then drain the bath. 8. 5 minutes of hot air in 50 degree temperature 9. Drain the bath and take 5 minutes of hot water in cold water. 10. After that you have to give a cold breath How to Pigment wash Second Stage: 1. Water Liquor Ratios L: R - 480 Liters at 6: 6 2. Machine running 3. Camel Docking: Flex sifenera 0.6 gm / liter - 252 gm Acetic Acid 0.5 Gram / Liter - 210gm (pH 4.5-5.5) Silicone 0.4 gram / liter for slip hand Fill - 192 grams Runtime wash be given 15-225 minutes by docking the camera 4. After 15 to 25 minutes the bath wash be drained. 5. After that, the garments wash be taken by the cold winds. 6. Unload and take the trolley. 3rd step Hydroxactor wash have to remove the access water within the fabric, 2-4 minutes extracting time. 4th Step Drying can be done using a steam dryer / gas dryer and here are two dryer drying procedures. Steam dryer Loads of steam drawers - 50kg Temperatures 60-70 Degree Time 40-50 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry Gas dryer Load gas dirair - 50 kg Temperatures 70-85 Degree Time 30-35 minutes Time 10-15 minutes cold dry 5th Stage When unloading from the machine, multiply the body by squeezing it out and check it out in 100% hot water. Deep shed machine wash be lifted again and again. Some samples of pigment was found
How to Pigment wash








5th Stage
When unloading from the machine, multiply the body by squeezing it out and check it out in 100% hot water. Deep shed machine wash be lifted again and again.
Some samples of pigment was found

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Garment 5S Quality Process Implementation Rule
May 25, 2020

Garment 5S Quality Process Implementation Rule

Those who work at the factory level, maybe they know what five s? Today's discussion for those who do not know

5S is a Japanese method that can be used to keep the workplace clean and to increase the quality of work and efficiency.



5S is being
Sort
Set in Order
Shine
Standardized
Sustain

By entering the workplace, the officer or worker wants to see the work place in a beautiful environment. Workplace is beautifully designed to work and the productivity of the work increases. On the other hand, if the work place is not sorted properly, the focus of the job is reduced. This is likely to reduce product production significantly. 5S is an effective strategy to organize a workplace or work place nicely and in a scientific way. By applying these techniques, the efficiency of the workforce can be increased in a long way. "5S" is a Japanese philosophy founded on five pillars. The absence of one may disrupt the workplace or work place sorting process altogether.

The pillars are:

Sort or Sort:
Sorting or sorting is the first pillar of the 5th. Under the circumstances, what is the need to select, how much is needed and when it is needed. All things that are not needed, they have to be sorted out and have to be removed from the work place.



Set in order:
The work of the second pillar is to be sorted by the importance of the need. For example, you need to keep it in a way that is as close as possible. It should be kept away from what is needed, and to be identified by identification mark. It is important to remember that to implement this pillar it is mandatory to implement the previous pillar.

Shine or clean:
In this pillar the importance of regular cleaning of dust and other unnecessary things is given. The work environment will always be clean and clean. Everyone enjoys working in a healthy environment.

Standardized or Standardization:
The work of this pillar is to standardize the work of the first three pillars and observe whether it is going well. Make the above arrangements in practice.

Sustain or maintain:
5S's most important job is to sustain or sustain. The work of this pillar is mainly to preserve the four pillars above. The benefits of "5S" can be enjoyed by making the work described above as a habit of working for the work environment forever. That's why the authorities have to take appropriate action.





The aim of "5-S":

এর The highest use of the working area.

Maximum usage of the machine.

Reduce the time of immunization.

্য Increase comfort in the work of the workers.

🔸 Reduce Automation such as: Reduction of Access Motion, Access Transportation, Reject, Alter / Re-Work




"5-S" Area: Swing line:

All areas to be kept in the swing line area:

* Never eat food bowl, water bottle, cart, plastic box etc. in the swing line.

* Required basket, box, trolley, bush - or cut can not be placed anywhere except for a specific place.



* The operator / helper Sandal / Sue Sandal / Su Raya will be arranged.

* Swing thread and any empty rows should be arranged separately according to color.

* The machine will have to make maintenance after a certain time.

* The machine can not be placed as a bundle input over a certain quantity on the table.

* The needle guard of the machine, machine bed, different guides / folders are correct before the operation to ensure the operator.

* Never put a cut panel or body on the floor.

* Instruction copy of the process will be hanging on the board.

* Thread cut and Caesar will be kept in the right place.
* No empty thread on the machine table and the thread of the previous steel can not be placed.

* No project body, water bottle etc. can be placed on / below the machine table.

* Machine cover can never be placed on machine during operation.

* Daily cleaning supervisor machine should be cleaned by the display board, production board, maintenance board.

* After the line supervisor, the production board will complete the display board, after a certain time.

* At the same table, multiple panels / style cut panels and labels can not be placed simultaneously.

* Every operator will remove everything from his machine to the previous style.

* The self-operator will keep his machine in proper angle.

* The seating chair and machine table will never exceed line signals line.

* Owner of the machine must change the machine's oil after specific time and clean the machine's inside.
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Sunday, 19 May 2019

May 19, 2019

How to Treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry II Textile Farm


 Treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry:

  When they reach the manufacturer, cotton fibres contain natural waxes and
fats which must be removed before bleaching or colouring matter is introduced
to dyed yarn or fabrics. Scouring or kiering removes most of these.
Effluent treatment – Enzymes in activated sludge 203
Woven cotton fabric or yarn in the raw state is boiled in solutions of alkali,
Treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry: When they reach the manufacturer, cotton fibres contain natural waxes and fats which must be removed before bleaching or colouring matter is introduced to dyed yarn or fabrics. Scouring or kiering removes most of these. Effluent treatment – Enzymes in activated sludge 203 Woven cotton fabric or yarn in the raw state is boiled in solutions of alkali, often under pressure. Impurities possessed by woven cotton goods include natural impurities like those mentioned above. Size and starch, or various substitutes, are used to facilitate weaving. These can be removed by hydrolysis with acids or enzymes, followed by rinsing, or may be removed during the scouring process. Scouring liquors tend to be alkaline and contain large amounts of organic matter (see Table 6.2), which are both expensive to treat. The standards of the river authorities, for example the Environment Agency in the UK, are very high. After scouring, the cotton is bleached using: Hypochlorite, HClO Æ H+ + ClOUsually, potassium or calcium chlorite, salts or peroxide are used in bleaching. These remove and destroy natural colouring matter. Wastewaters from this process contain partly spent bleaching solution and impurities removed from the fibres. After bleaching, cotton is washed and then immersed in a solution of sodium bicarbonate or weak H2SO4, which destroys the bleach. Finally, a thorough wash with a soap solution is necessary. Mercerisation increases lustre and dye affinity.The process involves treating the cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and then washing with hot water whilst it is under tension. Any residual sodium hydroxide is neutralised with acid and the cotton material is thoroughly washed. Dyeing of fabric results in large volumes of liquor being discharged. These liquors vary in character, depending on the nature and class of dye used; for example they may be acidic or alkaline and will contain high concentrations of salt and synthetic surface-active agents. Post-dyeing treat- 204 Textile processing with enzymes Table 6.2 Typical scouring waste liquor from cotton linters Properties and constituents Concentration (mg/dm3) Permanganate value (4 hour) 8850 BOD (5 day) 10650 Ammoniacal nitrogen 52 Total nitrogen 492 Phosphate 35 Potassium 148 Alkalinity (CaCO3) 16750 ments involve the use of a variety of finishes such as starches, gums and waxes, resins and other materials, depending on the required finish, although these tend to be low in concentration because of the large volumes of water that are added during the finishing processes. Wastewaters from the processing of wool include scour, bleach and dye liquors, plus associated washing waters. The two main differences from cotton wastes are the degree of alkalinity and the nature of the organic matter. Also, waste liquor from wool treatment may be acidic. Scouring wastewaters contain a high proportion of wool grease (lanolin), in an emulsified form, soluble organic matter and sand. Lanolin contains cholesterol and other complex organic substances, which are readily absorbed by the skin and are used in ointments and cosmetics. Back washing liquor and yarn scouring liquor contain emulsified oils, grease and fatty matter derived from soaps. Emulsions must be centrifuged and then cracked with acid or other chemicals. Cracking is the process of breaking down into smaller molecules which are more amenable to further treatment processes.This aids wastewater treatment by making the soluble components more able to be broken down by biological treatment. Greasy solids are normally removed by flocculation and filtration prior to mixing with other wastewater. Mixing and balancing waste liquors evens out large variations in composition, temperature and flow. Balancing involves neutralising acid or alkali so that the liquid is in a suitable condition to go forward for secondary treatment. Waste liquor from wool treatment is similar to that from cotton dyeing but may be acidic. It contains large amounts of wetting agents and softeners plus some salts and potentially toxic materials. These can be inhibitory to biochemical processes, i.e. they retard or tend to prevent naturally occurring biological processes.Waste liquor from the treatment of synthetic fibres contains a variety of organic substances at several hundreds of milligrams per litre many only slowly degraded by special microorganisms.

often under pressure.
Impurities possessed by woven cotton goods include natural impurities
like those mentioned above. Size and starch, or various substitutes, are used
to facilitate weaving. These can be removed by hydrolysis with acids or
enzymes, followed by rinsing, or may be removed during the scouring
process.
Scouring liquors tend to be alkaline and contain large amounts of organic
matter (see Table 6.2), which are both expensive to treat. The standards of
the river authorities, for example the Environment Agency in the UK, are
very high.
After scouring, the cotton is bleached using:
Hypochlorite, HClO Æ H+ + ClOUsually,
potassium or calcium chlorite, salts or peroxide are used
in bleaching. These remove and destroy natural colouring matter. Wastewaters
from this process contain partly spent bleaching solution
and impurities removed from the fibres. After bleaching, cotton is washed
and then immersed in a solution of sodium bicarbonate or weak H2SO4,
which destroys the bleach. Finally, a thorough wash with a soap solution is
necessary.
Mercerisation increases lustre and dye affinity.The process involves treating
the cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and then washing with
hot water whilst it is under tension. Any residual sodium hydroxide is
neutralised with acid and the cotton material is thoroughly washed.
Dyeing of fabric results in large volumes of liquor being discharged.

Treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry: When they reach the manufacturer, cotton fibres contain natural waxes and fats which must be removed before bleaching or colouring matter is introduced to dyed yarn or fabrics. Scouring or kiering removes most of these. Effluent treatment – Enzymes in activated sludge 203 Woven cotton fabric or yarn in the raw state is boiled in solutions of alkali, often under pressure. Impurities possessed by woven cotton goods include natural impurities like those mentioned above. Size and starch, or various substitutes, are used to facilitate weaving. These can be removed by hydrolysis with acids or enzymes, followed by rinsing, or may be removed during the scouring process. Scouring liquors tend to be alkaline and contain large amounts of organic matter (see Table 6.2), which are both expensive to treat. The standards of the river authorities, for example the Environment Agency in the UK, are very high. After scouring, the cotton is bleached using: Hypochlorite, HClO Æ H+ + ClOUsually, potassium or calcium chlorite, salts or peroxide are used in bleaching. These remove and destroy natural colouring matter. Wastewaters from this process contain partly spent bleaching solution and impurities removed from the fibres. After bleaching, cotton is washed and then immersed in a solution of sodium bicarbonate or weak H2SO4, which destroys the bleach. Finally, a thorough wash with a soap solution is necessary. Mercerisation increases lustre and dye affinity.The process involves treating the cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and then washing with hot water whilst it is under tension. Any residual sodium hydroxide is neutralised with acid and the cotton material is thoroughly washed. Dyeing of fabric results in large volumes of liquor being discharged. These liquors vary in character, depending on the nature and class of dye used; for example they may be acidic or alkaline and will contain high concentrations of salt and synthetic surface-active agents. Post-dyeing treat- 204 Textile processing with enzymes Table 6.2 Typical scouring waste liquor from cotton linters Properties and constituents Concentration (mg/dm3) Permanganate value (4 hour) 8850 BOD (5 day) 10650 Ammoniacal nitrogen 52 Total nitrogen 492 Phosphate 35 Potassium 148 Alkalinity (CaCO3) 16750 ments involve the use of a variety of finishes such as starches, gums and waxes, resins and other materials, depending on the required finish, although these tend to be low in concentration because of the large volumes of water that are added during the finishing processes. Wastewaters from the processing of wool include scour, bleach and dye liquors, plus associated washing waters. The two main differences from cotton wastes are the degree of alkalinity and the nature of the organic matter. Also, waste liquor from wool treatment may be acidic. Scouring wastewaters contain a high proportion of wool grease (lanolin), in an emulsified form, soluble organic matter and sand. Lanolin contains cholesterol and other complex organic substances, which are readily absorbed by the skin and are used in ointments and cosmetics. Back washing liquor and yarn scouring liquor contain emulsified oils, grease and fatty matter derived from soaps. Emulsions must be centrifuged and then cracked with acid or other chemicals. Cracking is the process of breaking down into smaller molecules which are more amenable to further treatment processes.This aids wastewater treatment by making the soluble components more able to be broken down by biological treatment. Greasy solids are normally removed by flocculation and filtration prior to mixing with other wastewater. Mixing and balancing waste liquors evens out large variations in composition, temperature and flow. Balancing involves neutralising acid or alkali so that the liquid is in a suitable condition to go forward for secondary treatment. Waste liquor from wool treatment is similar to that from cotton dyeing but may be acidic. It contains large amounts of wetting agents and softeners plus some salts and potentially toxic materials. These can be inhibitory to biochemical processes, i.e. they retard or tend to prevent naturally occurring biological processes.Waste liquor from the treatment of synthetic fibres contains a variety of organic substances at several hundreds of milligrams per litre many only slowly degraded by special microorganisms.

These liquors vary in character, depending on the nature and class of dye
used; for example they may be acidic or alkaline and will contain high concentrations
of salt and synthetic surface-active agents. Post-dyeing treat-
204 Textile processing with enzymes
Table 6.2 Typical scouring waste liquor from cotton linters
Properties and constituents Concentration (mg/dm3)
Permanganate value (4 hour) 8850
BOD (5 day) 10650
Ammoniacal nitrogen 52
Total nitrogen 492
Phosphate 35
Potassium 148
Alkalinity (CaCO3) 16750
ments involve the use of a variety of finishes such as starches, gums and
waxes, resins and other materials, depending on the required finish,
although these tend to be low in concentration because of the large volumes
of water that are added during the finishing processes.
Wastewaters from the processing of wool include scour, bleach and dye
liquors, plus associated washing waters. The two main differences from
cotton wastes are the degree of alkalinity and the nature of the organic
matter. Also, waste liquor from wool treatment may be acidic. Scouring
wastewaters contain a high proportion of wool grease (lanolin), in an emulsified
form, soluble organic matter and sand. Lanolin contains cholesterol
and other complex organic substances, which are readily absorbed by the
Treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry: When they reach the manufacturer, cotton fibres contain natural waxes and fats which must be removed before bleaching or colouring matter is introduced to dyed yarn or fabrics. Scouring or kiering removes most of these. Effluent treatment – Enzymes in activated sludge 203 Woven cotton fabric or yarn in the raw state is boiled in solutions of alkali, often under pressure. Impurities possessed by woven cotton goods include natural impurities like those mentioned above. Size and starch, or various substitutes, are used to facilitate weaving. These can be removed by hydrolysis with acids or enzymes, followed by rinsing, or may be removed during the scouring process. Scouring liquors tend to be alkaline and contain large amounts of organic matter (see Table 6.2), which are both expensive to treat. The standards of the river authorities, for example the Environment Agency in the UK, are very high. After scouring, the cotton is bleached using: Hypochlorite, HClO Æ H+ + ClOUsually, potassium or calcium chlorite, salts or peroxide are used in bleaching. These remove and destroy natural colouring matter. Wastewaters from this process contain partly spent bleaching solution and impurities removed from the fibres. After bleaching, cotton is washed and then immersed in a solution of sodium bicarbonate or weak H2SO4, which destroys the bleach. Finally, a thorough wash with a soap solution is necessary. Mercerisation increases lustre and dye affinity.The process involves treating the cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and then washing with hot water whilst it is under tension. Any residual sodium hydroxide is neutralised with acid and the cotton material is thoroughly washed. Dyeing of fabric results in large volumes of liquor being discharged. These liquors vary in character, depending on the nature and class of dye used; for example they may be acidic or alkaline and will contain high concentrations of salt and synthetic surface-active agents. Post-dyeing treat- 204 Textile processing with enzymes Table 6.2 Typical scouring waste liquor from cotton linters Properties and constituents Concentration (mg/dm3) Permanganate value (4 hour) 8850 BOD (5 day) 10650 Ammoniacal nitrogen 52 Total nitrogen 492 Phosphate 35 Potassium 148 Alkalinity (CaCO3) 16750 ments involve the use of a variety of finishes such as starches, gums and waxes, resins and other materials, depending on the required finish, although these tend to be low in concentration because of the large volumes of water that are added during the finishing processes. Wastewaters from the processing of wool include scour, bleach and dye liquors, plus associated washing waters. The two main differences from cotton wastes are the degree of alkalinity and the nature of the organic matter. Also, waste liquor from wool treatment may be acidic. Scouring wastewaters contain a high proportion of wool grease (lanolin), in an emulsified form, soluble organic matter and sand. Lanolin contains cholesterol and other complex organic substances, which are readily absorbed by the skin and are used in ointments and cosmetics. Back washing liquor and yarn scouring liquor contain emulsified oils, grease and fatty matter derived from soaps. Emulsions must be centrifuged and then cracked with acid or other chemicals. Cracking is the process of breaking down into smaller molecules which are more amenable to further treatment processes.This aids wastewater treatment by making the soluble components more able to be broken down by biological treatment. Greasy solids are normally removed by flocculation and filtration prior to mixing with other wastewater. Mixing and balancing waste liquors evens out large variations in composition, temperature and flow. Balancing involves neutralising acid or alkali so that the liquid is in a suitable condition to go forward for secondary treatment. Waste liquor from wool treatment is similar to that from cotton dyeing but may be acidic. It contains large amounts of wetting agents and softeners plus some salts and potentially toxic materials. These can be inhibitory to biochemical processes, i.e. they retard or tend to prevent naturally occurring biological processes.Waste liquor from the treatment of synthetic fibres contains a variety of organic substances at several hundreds of milligrams per litre many only slowly degraded by special microorganisms.

skin and are used in ointments and cosmetics.
Back washing liquor and yarn scouring liquor contain emulsified oils,
grease and fatty matter derived from soaps. Emulsions must be centrifuged
and then cracked with acid or other chemicals. Cracking is the process of
breaking down into smaller molecules which are more amenable to further
treatment processes.This aids wastewater treatment by making the soluble
components more able to be broken down by biological treatment.
Greasy solids are normally removed by flocculation and filtration prior
to mixing with other wastewater. Mixing and balancing waste liquors evens

Treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry: When they reach the manufacturer, cotton fibres contain natural waxes and fats which must be removed before bleaching or colouring matter is introduced to dyed yarn or fabrics. Scouring or kiering removes most of these. Effluent treatment – Enzymes in activated sludge 203 Woven cotton fabric or yarn in the raw state is boiled in solutions of alkali, often under pressure. Impurities possessed by woven cotton goods include natural impurities like those mentioned above. Size and starch, or various substitutes, are used to facilitate weaving. These can be removed by hydrolysis with acids or enzymes, followed by rinsing, or may be removed during the scouring process. Scouring liquors tend to be alkaline and contain large amounts of organic matter (see Table 6.2), which are both expensive to treat. The standards of the river authorities, for example the Environment Agency in the UK, are very high. After scouring, the cotton is bleached using: Hypochlorite, HClO Æ H+ + ClOUsually, potassium or calcium chlorite, salts or peroxide are used in bleaching. These remove and destroy natural colouring matter. Wastewaters from this process contain partly spent bleaching solution and impurities removed from the fibres. After bleaching, cotton is washed and then immersed in a solution of sodium bicarbonate or weak H2SO4, which destroys the bleach. Finally, a thorough wash with a soap solution is necessary. Mercerisation increases lustre and dye affinity.The process involves treating the cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and then washing with hot water whilst it is under tension. Any residual sodium hydroxide is neutralised with acid and the cotton material is thoroughly washed. Dyeing of fabric results in large volumes of liquor being discharged. These liquors vary in character, depending on the nature and class of dye used; for example they may be acidic or alkaline and will contain high concentrations of salt and synthetic surface-active agents. Post-dyeing treat- 204 Textile processing with enzymes Table 6.2 Typical scouring waste liquor from cotton linters Properties and constituents Concentration (mg/dm3) Permanganate value (4 hour) 8850 BOD (5 day) 10650 Ammoniacal nitrogen 52 Total nitrogen 492 Phosphate 35 Potassium 148 Alkalinity (CaCO3) 16750 ments involve the use of a variety of finishes such as starches, gums and waxes, resins and other materials, depending on the required finish, although these tend to be low in concentration because of the large volumes of water that are added during the finishing processes. Wastewaters from the processing of wool include scour, bleach and dye liquors, plus associated washing waters. The two main differences from cotton wastes are the degree of alkalinity and the nature of the organic matter. Also, waste liquor from wool treatment may be acidic. Scouring wastewaters contain a high proportion of wool grease (lanolin), in an emulsified form, soluble organic matter and sand. Lanolin contains cholesterol and other complex organic substances, which are readily absorbed by the skin and are used in ointments and cosmetics. Back washing liquor and yarn scouring liquor contain emulsified oils, grease and fatty matter derived from soaps. Emulsions must be centrifuged and then cracked with acid or other chemicals. Cracking is the process of breaking down into smaller molecules which are more amenable to further treatment processes.This aids wastewater treatment by making the soluble components more able to be broken down by biological treatment. Greasy solids are normally removed by flocculation and filtration prior to mixing with other wastewater. Mixing and balancing waste liquors evens out large variations in composition, temperature and flow. Balancing involves neutralising acid or alkali so that the liquid is in a suitable condition to go forward for secondary treatment. Waste liquor from wool treatment is similar to that from cotton dyeing but may be acidic. It contains large amounts of wetting agents and softeners plus some salts and potentially toxic materials. These can be inhibitory to biochemical processes, i.e. they retard or tend to prevent naturally occurring biological processes.Waste liquor from the treatment of synthetic fibres contains a variety of organic substances at several hundreds of milligrams per litre many only slowly degraded by special microorganisms.

out large variations in composition, temperature and flow. Balancing
involves neutralising acid or alkali so that the liquid is in a suitable condition
to go forward for secondary treatment.
Waste liquor from wool treatment is similar to that from cotton dyeing
but may be acidic. It contains large amounts of wetting agents and softeners
plus some salts and potentially toxic materials. These can be inhibitory
to biochemical processes, i.e. they retard or tend to prevent naturally occurring
biological processes.Waste liquor from the treatment of synthetic fibres
contains a variety of organic substances at several hundreds of milligrams
per litre many only slowly degraded by special microorganisms.
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Saturday, 11 May 2019

May 11, 2019

Decolourisation – by enzyme Biotechnological methods cultures II TEXTILE FARM

 

 Biotechnological methods: 

 For microbial dye decolourisation not connected to the activated sludge
process, bioreactors can be designed containing defined bacterial or fungal
cultures, isolated enzymes or enzyme mixtures immobilised on a solid
212 Textile processing with enzymes
carrier material. Such immobilised biocatalysts are much more susceptible
to damage by harsh chemical environments than are the mixed cultures
Biotechnological methods: For microbial dye decolourisation not connected to the activated sludge process, bioreactors can be designed containing defined bacterial or fungal cultures, isolated enzymes or enzyme mixtures immobilised on a solid 212 Textile processing with enzymes carrier material. Such immobilised biocatalysts are much more susceptible to damage by harsh chemical environments than are the mixed cultures Biotechnological methods present in activated sludge systems. Thus, they are preferentially used to treat partial process streams within the plant where the composition and physical properties are rather more readily controlled than the overall plant effluent. For instance, exhausted dyeing bath solutions have been decolourised enzymatically using a laccase formulation and subsequently reused for the preparation of new dyeing baths (Abadulla et al., 2000). Similarly, hydrogen peroxide has been removed enzymatically from bleaching solutions using a catalase in an industrial pilot experiment . Owing to the use of high-specificity enzymes, only the target molecules are attacked while valuable additives or fibres are kept intact and can be reused.
Biotechnological methods

present in activated sludge systems. Thus, they are preferentially used to
treat partial process streams within the plant where the composition and
physical properties are rather more readily controlled than the overall plant
effluent.
For instance, exhausted dyeing bath solutions have been decolourised
enzymatically using a laccase formulation and subsequently reused for the
preparation of new dyeing baths (Abadulla et al., 2000). Similarly, hydrogen
peroxide has been removed enzymatically from bleaching solutions
using a catalase in an industrial pilot experiment . Owing
to the use of high-specificity enzymes, only the target molecules are
attacked while valuable additives or fibres are kept intact and can be
reused.

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Thursday, 28 March 2019

March 28, 2019

What is Textile processing with enzymes ll Textile Farm

                            Textile processing with enzymes:-

 

          Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles 




              Cofactor                                                                                           Role 

      Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide                                      Oxidation/reduction         
      (NAD+, NADP+).                                                             reactions [those involving transfer of H-                                                                                                      (hydride) ion]

     Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) .                                    Oxidation/reduction reactions.

     Flavin mononucleotides (FMN).                                         Oxidation/reduction reactions .

     Biotin                                                                                 Carboxyl group transfer.

      Cobalamin                                                                           Methyl group transfer.

      Coenzyme A (CoA)                                                           Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl.

      Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)                                          Acetaldehyde transfer.

      Tetrahydrofolate (THF)                                                     One-carbon transfer reactions.

       Pyridoxal phosphate                                                          Transamination and decarboxylation              
                                                                                               reactions.
Textile processing with enzymes:- Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles Cofactor Role Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidation/reduction (NAD+, NADP+). reactions [those involving transfer of H- (hydride) ion] Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) . Oxidation/reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Oxidation/reduction reactions . Biotin Carboxyl group transfer. Cobalamin Methyl group transfer. Coenzyme A (CoA) Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Acetaldehyde transfer. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) One-carbon transfer reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination and decarboxylation reactions. Textile processing with enzymes Metal ions: Fe, Cu, Mo Oxidation/reduction reactions. Zn Helps bind NAD+ Co Part of cobalamin coenzyme. Mn Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal. relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation. Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the ‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology! The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered proteins.
Textile processing with enzymes

Metal ions:


   Fe, Cu, Mo                                            Oxidation/reduction reactions.

   Zn                                                                                 Helps bind NAD+

   Co                                                                                Part of cobalamin coenzyme.

   Mn                                                                               Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal.


Textile processing with enzymes:- Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles Cofactor Role Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidation/reduction (NAD+, NADP+). reactions [those involving transfer of H- (hydride) ion] Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) . Oxidation/reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Oxidation/reduction reactions . Biotin Carboxyl group transfer. Cobalamin Methyl group transfer. Coenzyme A (CoA) Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Acetaldehyde transfer. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) One-carbon transfer reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination and decarboxylation reactions. Textile processing with enzymes:- Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles Cofactor Role Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidation/reduction (NAD+, NADP+). reactions [those involving transfer of H- (hydride) ion] Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) . Oxidation/reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Oxidation/reduction reactions . Biotin Carboxyl group transfer. Cobalamin Methyl group transfer. Coenzyme A (CoA) Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Acetaldehyde transfer. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) One-carbon transfer reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination and decarboxylation reactions. Textile processing with enzymes Metal ions: Fe, Cu, Mo Oxidation/reduction reactions. Zn Helps bind NAD+ Co Part of cobalamin coenzyme. Mn Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal. relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation. Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the ‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology! The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered proteins. Textile processing with enzymes Metal ions: Fe, Cu, Mo Oxidation/reduction reactions. Zn Helps bind NAD+ Co Part of cobalamin coenzyme. Mn Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal. Textile processing with enzymes relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation. Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the ‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology! The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered proteins.
Textile processing with enzymes

relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural
conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a
valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of
enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important
enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved
by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have
shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of
enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide
chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation.
Textile processing with enzymes:- Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles Cofactor Role Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidation/reduction (NAD+, NADP+). reactions [those involving transfer of H- (hydride) ion] Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) . Oxidation/reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Oxidation/reduction reactions . Biotin Carboxyl group transfer. Cobalamin Methyl group transfer. Coenzyme A (CoA) Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Acetaldehyde transfer. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) One-carbon transfer reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination and decarboxylation reactions. Textile processing with enzymes:- Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles Cofactor Role Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidation/reduction (NAD+, NADP+). reactions [those involving transfer of H- (hydride) ion] Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) . Oxidation/reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Oxidation/reduction reactions . Biotin Carboxyl group transfer. Cobalamin Methyl group transfer. Coenzyme A (CoA) Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Acetaldehyde transfer. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) One-carbon transfer reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination and decarboxylation reactions. Textile processing with enzymes Metal ions: Fe, Cu, Mo Oxidation/reduction reactions. Zn Helps bind NAD+ Co Part of cobalamin coenzyme. Mn Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal. relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation. Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the ‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology! The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered proteins. Textile processing with enzymes Metal ions: Fe, Cu, Mo Oxidation/reduction reactions. Zn Helps bind NAD+ Co Part of cobalamin coenzyme. Mn Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal. Textile processing with enzymes:- Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles Cofactor Role Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidation/reduction (NAD+, NADP+). reactions [those involving transfer of H- (hydride) ion] Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) . Oxidation/reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Oxidation/reduction reactions . Biotin Carboxyl group transfer. Cobalamin Methyl group transfer. Coenzyme A (CoA) Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Acetaldehyde transfer. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) One-carbon transfer reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination and decarboxylation reactions. Textile processing with enzymes:- Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles Cofactor Role Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidation/reduction (NAD+, NADP+). reactions [those involving transfer of H- (hydride) ion] Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) . Oxidation/reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotides (FMN). Oxidation/reduction reactions . Biotin Carboxyl group transfer. Cobalamin Methyl group transfer. Coenzyme A (CoA) Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Acetaldehyde transfer. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) One-carbon transfer reactions. Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination and decarboxylation reactions. Textile processing with enzymes Metal ions: Fe, Cu, Mo Oxidation/reduction reactions. Zn Helps bind NAD+ Co Part of cobalamin coenzyme. Mn Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal. relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation. Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the ‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology! The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered proteins. Textile processing with enzymes Metal ions: Fe, Cu, Mo Oxidation/reduction reactions. Zn Helps bind NAD+ Co Part of cobalamin coenzyme. Mn Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal. Textile processing with enzymes relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation. Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the ‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology! The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered proteins. Textile processing with enzymes relationship between the primary amino acid sequence and its higher structural conformation can be obtained. Site-directed mutagenesis is also a valuable tool for studying structural and functional relationships of enzymes and for enhancing the attributes for commercially important enzymes.The catalytic capabilities of several enzymes have been improved by changes to the amino acids forming the active sites. Other studies have shown that it is possible to improve temperature and pH stability of enzymes. For example, introduction of cysteine residues into the polypeptide chain tends to enhance protein stability through disulfide bond formation. Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the ‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology! The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered proteins.
Textile processing with enzymes

Replacement of lysine with arginine in a polypeptide chain also tends
to enhance enzyme stability through increase in the extent of overall hydrogen
bonding. Ultimately, continuing advances in this field could facilitate
routine de-novo design of enzymes to suite particular applications; the
‘Holy Grail’ of applied enzymology!
The advances made in molecular biology and the associated research
equipment have accelerated DNA sequence determination and large portions
of the genome of several species have been sequenced. This genomic
information will increasingly drive future trends in enzymology – within the
emerging fields of proteomics and bioinformatics – leading to greatly
improved understanding of structure, function and expression of newly discovered
proteins.
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Thursday, 8 November 2018

November 08, 2018

Denim Garments Lycra Problems Resolve Solutions- Textile Farm


Causes and Remedies for Garment  Lycra Denim.


We have a common problem for those who have oven dyeing Wasting. After the garments Spandex Damage, Spandex or Lycra Damage, the shipment is not canceled, the amount of wasting plant is less. You are the Garment's WAS expert, you need to have ideas on who or what you are careful about.

Causes and Remedies for Garment Wess Lycra Dames We have a common problem for those who have oven dyeing Wasting. After the garments garments Spadesx Damage, Spandex or Lycra Damage, the shipment is not canceled, the amount of wasting plant is less. You are the Garment's WAS expert, you need to have ideas on who or what you are careful about. I can comment if there is something out of Lycra Damage in my mind 1. The enzymes that hydrologize or break the cellulose fiber can break the fiber twist if bio degradation by enzymes that break Lycra due to excess pressure on Lycra, because of the Betting Actions of Was Machine. 2. If there is a fiber or brake due to the machine's firing in the fiber or the card or the rotatory, Lycra can be broken due to the weakness of the twist. 3. If the lycra blends fabric or garment is heavy, then it will be rubbed with a rubber ball or a stone without enzymes of its look. To avoid damages, it is best not to enzyme. 4. If the Lycra Blend fabric or garment dyeing or washer program is to be used, then pitch dyeing machine should be used. It does not contain much of the locker volume and the machine cylinder does not contain the battery, it turns the pedal locker at the top position of the machine, so that due to low body-to-body biting, there is less body damage than you can. Betting Action Front loading (Tonello, Ramsons), Bailey Machine (China) machine is much more than the beating pitch diving machine. 5. Special Lycra Protector should be used, which is not generic or Anti Sleeping Agent. A typical recipe for this is 15 gram per liter, which is 2 gram per liter in the factory. Image: Lycra Protector or Anti Sleeping Agent 6. Anti-slipping agents with anti-cruising 0.5 g, sewing assistants 0.5 g of 0.5 g waiting agent to use. Which is not followed much time. 7. When Hydro is extracted, it is found in the fact that the load is loaded on the back of the load condition. Load condition is due to the centrifugal force, due to body twisting, there is a likra damém's choice. Therefore, the reduction in loading of the screws of Lycra bodies will be reduced. And the speed RPM should be reduced so that the centrifugal force is less affected. 8. 50-60% Hydro and Warming Curving Machine, and the need to drive in the steam dryer. This will cause less stress on the Lycra Blend body. 9. Horizontal or Bailey Me shim Vertical Front loading Machine Betting of the body can be damaged by machine RPM. Less than 30 RPM It can be run on machine-to-body bits less than one. 10. M: L 1: 8, 1: 6, 1:10 The scope of Lycra should be run at 1:30 am in M: L, but the amount of chemical weightage is higher than body damage. 11. Hydro time for one piece, where 75 seconds can extract extracting time in Lycra body, such as 45 seconds. The area of ​​12 zipper should be changed after the per-processions such as during the time of discoloration, occasionally during the time of sublinging, after changing the position of the zipper after each process, there is a possibility of stress in one place and if there is a stress, then there is a possibility of going to the ground. The time of bleeding should be kept open during bleach. 13. If the access bartee stitch pocket belt is in the area of ​​the loop, it is more than the pressure of the pressure or the bar tech stitch on the back pocket side, due to which there is more tendency to avoid spondylene outside of the stitch area. 14. Garment Allowance is uninstalled, for which it will be parked in the body. Body Damage is more due to Pakhering. 15. During the swing, many operators have dragged and swindled with tension, which means that Lycra took the Inside Tension, which later broke the heat on the Garments Watt and machine bits. 16. If the cutting blade is less in the cutting time, then during the fabric cutting, the core filaments are drawn from the interstitial condition of the tension. 17. Generally, if the widest width of the Oven Fabric Finnish is more than the widest, then the Lycra Damage is broken and the illness decreases. During the hit setting it will be better to set the hit. Oven Fabric Finnish width should be 52-53 ". 18. Dryer selections should be selected by our stem dryer. Leakra blend body cuts the steam dryer in the wound slowly and the temperature is inevitable, which does not have a bad effect on the body. Tempe re is less so damaged by low, our gas dryer should be avoided by the moisture content. The Temperature Control can not be controlled. 20. Must use caustic soda when blemishes are attached to the Denim Lycra Fabric. 21. For Lycra Fabric, you need to have 45 min 60 ° C dryer and non Lycra fabric for 35 min 80 ° C dryer..
Lycra Denim Fabric

I can comment if there is something out of Lycra Damage in my mind
1. The enzymes that hydrolyze or break the cellulose fiber can break the fiber twist if biodegradation by enzymes that break Lycra due to excess pressure on Lycra, because of the Betting Actions of War Machine.
2. If there is a fiber or break due to the machine's firing in the fiber or the card or the rotatory, Lycra can be broken due to the weakness of the twist.
3. If the lycra blends fabric or garment is heavy, then it will be rubbed with a rubber ball or a stone without enzymes of its look. To avoid damages, it is best not to the enzyme.
4. If the Lycra Blend fabric or garment dyeing or washer program is to be used, then pitch dyeing machine should be used. It does not contain much of the locker volume and the machine cylinder does not contain the battery, it turns the pedal locker at the top position of the machine so that due to low body-to-body biting, there is less body damage than you can. Betting Action Front loading (Tonello, Ramsons), Bailey Machine (China) machine is much more than the beating pitch diving machine.
5. Special Lycra Protector should be used, which is not a generic or Anti-Sleeping Agent. A typical recipe for this is 15 gram per liter, which is 2 gram per liter in the factory.
Causes and Remedies for Garment Wess Lycra Dames We have a common problem for those who have oven dyeing Wasting. After the garments garments Spadesx Damage, Spandex or Lycra Damage, the shipment is not canceled, the amount of wasting plant is less. You are the Garment's WAS expert, you need to have ideas on who or what you are careful about. I can comment if there is something out of Lycra Damage in my mind 1. The enzymes that hydrologize or break the cellulose fiber can break the fiber twist if bio degradation by enzymes that break Lycra due to excess pressure on Lycra, because of the Betting Actions of Was Machine. 2. If there is a fiber or brake due to the machine's firing in the fiber or the card or the rotatory, Lycra can be broken due to the weakness of the twist. 3. If the lycra blends fabric or garment is heavy, then it will be rubbed with a rubber ball or a stone without enzymes of its look. To avoid damages, it is best not to enzyme. 4. If the Lycra Blend fabric or garment dyeing or washer program is to be used, then pitch dyeing machine should be used. It does not contain much of the locker volume and the machine cylinder does not contain the battery, it turns the pedal locker at the top position of the machine, so that due to low body-to-body biting, there is less body damage than you can. Betting Action Front loading (Tonello, Ramsons), Bailey Machine (China) machine is much more than the beating pitch diving machine. 5. Special Lycra Protector should be used, which is not generic or Anti Sleeping Agent. A typical recipe for this is 15 gram per liter, which is 2 gram per liter in the factory. Image: Lycra Protector or Anti Sleeping Agent 6. Anti-slipping agents with anti-cruising 0.5 g, sewing assistants 0.5 g of 0.5 g waiting agent to use. Which is not followed much time. 7. When Hydro is extracted, it is found in the fact that the load is loaded on the back of the load condition. Load condition is due to the centrifugal force, due to body twisting, there is a likra damém's choice. Therefore, the reduction in loading of the screws of Lycra bodies will be reduced. And the speed RPM should be reduced so that the centrifugal force is less affected. 8. 50-60% Hydro and Warming Curving Machine, and the need to drive in the steam dryer. This will cause less stress on the Lycra Blend body. 9. Horizontal or Bailey Me shim Vertical Front loading Machine Betting of the body can be damaged by machine RPM. Less than 30 RPM It can be run on machine-to-body bits less than one. 10. M: L 1: 8, 1: 6, 1:10 The scope of Lycra should be run at 1:30 am in M: L, but the amount of chemical weightage is higher than body damage. 11. Hydro time for one piece, where 75 seconds can extract extracting time in Lycra body, such as 45 seconds. The area of ​​12 zipper should be changed after the per-processions such as during the time of discoloration, occasionally during the time of sublinging, after changing the position of the zipper after each process, there is a possibility of stress in one place and if there is a stress, then there is a possibility of going to the ground. The time of bleeding should be kept open during bleach. 13. If the access bartee stitch pocket belt is in the area of ​​the loop, it is more than the pressure of the pressure or the bar tech stitch on the back pocket side, due to which there is more tendency to avoid spondylene outside of the stitch area. 14. Garment Allowance is uninstalled, for which it will be parked in the body. Body Damage is more due to Pakhering. 15. During the swing, many operators have dragged and swindled with tension, which means that Lycra took the Inside Tension, which later broke the heat on the Garments Watt and machine bits. 16. If the cutting blade is less in the cutting time, then during the fabric cutting, the core filaments are drawn from the interstitial condition of the tension. 17. Generally, if the widest width of the Oven Fabric Finnish is more than the widest, then the Lycra Damage is broken and the illness decreases. During the hit setting it will be better to set the hit. Oven Fabric Finnish width should be 52-53 ". 18. Dryer selections should be selected by our stem dryer. Leakra blend body cuts the steam dryer in the wound slowly and the temperature is inevitable, which does not have a bad effect on the body. Tempe re is less so damaged by low, our gas dryer should be avoided by the moisture content. The Temperature Control can not be controlled. 20. Must use caustic soda when blemishes are attached to the Denim Lycra Fabric. 21. For Lycra Fabric, you need to have 45 min 60 ° C dryer and non Lycra fabric for 35 min 80 ° C dryer..
Lycra Garments


6. Anti-slipping agents with anti-cruising 0.5 g, sewing assistants 0.5 g of 0.5 g waiting agent to use. Which is not followed much time.

7. When Hydro is extracted, it is found in the fact that the load is loaded on the back of the load condition. Load condition is due to the centrifugal force, due to body twisting, there is a Lycra denim's choice. Therefore, the reduction in loading of the screws of Lycra bodies will be reduced. And the speed RPM should be reduced so that the centrifugal force is less affected.

8. 50-60% Hydro and Warming Curving Machine, and the need to drive in the steam dryer. This will cause less stress on the Lycra Blend body.

9. Horizontal or Bailey Me shim Vertical Front loading Machine Betting of the body can be damaged by machine RPM. Less than 30 RPM It can be run on machine-to-body bits less than one.

10. M: L 1: 8, 1: 6, 1:10 The scope of Lycra should be run at 1:30 am in M: L, but the amount of chemical weight is higher than body damage.

11. Hydro time for one piece, where 75 seconds can extract extracting time in Lycra body, such as 45 seconds.
The area of 12 zippers should be changed after the per-processions such as during the time of discoloration, occasionally during the time of sublingual, after changing the position of the zipper after each process, there is a possibility of stress in one place and if there is a stress, then there is a possibility of going to the ground. The time of bleeding should be kept open during bleach.

13. If the access barter stitch pocket belt is in the area of the loop, it is more than the pressure of the pressure or the bar tech stitch on the back pocket side, due to which there is more tendency to avoid despondency outside of the stitch area.

14. Garment Allowance is uninstalled, for which it will be parked in the body. Body Damage is more due to Gathering
.
15. During the swing, many operators have dragged and swindled with tension, which means that Lycra took the Inside Tension, which later broke the heat on the Garments Watt and machine bits.

16. If the cutting blade is less in the cutting time, then during the fabric cutting, the core filaments are drawn from the interstitial condition of the tension.

17. Generally, if the widest width of the Oven Fabric Finnish is more than the widest, then the Lycra Damage is broken and the illness decreases. During the hit setting, it will be better to set the hit. Oven Fabric Finnish width should be 52-53 ".

18. Dryer selections should be selected by our stem dryer. Lycra blend body cuts the steam dryer in the wound slowly and the temperature is inevitable, which does not have a bad effect on the body. Tempe re is less so damaged by low, our gas dryer should be avoided by the moisture content. The Temperature Control cannot be controlled.

20. Must use caustic soda when blemishes are attached to the Denim Lycra Fabric.

21. For Lycra Fabric, you need to have 45 min 60 ° C dryer and  Lycra fabric for 35 min 80 ° C dryer.

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