Textile Farm

Those who work at the factory level, maybe they know what five s? Today's discussion for those who do not know

5S is a Japanese method that can be used to keep the workplace clean and to increase the quality of work and efficiency.



5S is being
Sort
Set in Order
Shine
Standardized
Sustain

By entering the workplace, the officer or worker wants to see the work place in a beautiful environment. Workplace is beautifully designed to work and the productivity of the work increases. On the other hand, if the work place is not sorted properly, the focus of the job is reduced. This is likely to reduce product production significantly. 5S is an effective strategy to organize a workplace or work place nicely and in a scientific way. By applying these techniques, the efficiency of the workforce can be increased in a long way. "5S" is a Japanese philosophy founded on five pillars. The absence of one may disrupt the workplace or work place sorting process altogether.

The pillars are:

Sort or Sort:
Sorting or sorting is the first pillar of the 5th. Under the circumstances, what is the need to select, how much is needed and when it is needed. All things that are not needed, they have to be sorted out and have to be removed from the work place.



Set in order:
The work of the second pillar is to be sorted by the importance of the need. For example, you need to keep it in a way that is as close as possible. It should be kept away from what is needed, and to be identified by identification mark. It is important to remember that to implement this pillar it is mandatory to implement the previous pillar.

Shine or clean:
In this pillar the importance of regular cleaning of dust and other unnecessary things is given. The work environment will always be clean and clean. Everyone enjoys working in a healthy environment.

Standardized or Standardization:
The work of this pillar is to standardize the work of the first three pillars and observe whether it is going well. Make the above arrangements in practice.

Sustain or maintain:
5S's most important job is to sustain or sustain. The work of this pillar is mainly to preserve the four pillars above. The benefits of "5S" can be enjoyed by making the work described above as a habit of working for the work environment forever. That's why the authorities have to take appropriate action.





The aim of "5-S":

এর The highest use of the working area.

Maximum usage of the machine.

Reduce the time of immunization.

্য Increase comfort in the work of the workers.

🔸 Reduce Automation such as: Reduction of Access Motion, Access Transportation, Reject, Alter / Re-Work




"5-S" Area: Swing line:

All areas to be kept in the swing line area:

* Never eat food bowl, water bottle, cart, plastic box etc. in the swing line.

* Required basket, box, trolley, bush - or cut can not be placed anywhere except for a specific place.



* The operator / helper Sandal / Sue Sandal / Su Raya will be arranged.

* Swing thread and any empty rows should be arranged separately according to color.

* The machine will have to make maintenance after a certain time.

* The machine can not be placed as a bundle input over a certain quantity on the table.

* The needle guard of the machine, machine bed, different guides / folders are correct before the operation to ensure the operator.

* Never put a cut panel or body on the floor.

* Instruction copy of the process will be hanging on the board.

* Thread cut and Caesar will be kept in the right place.
* No empty thread on the machine table and the thread of the previous steel can not be placed.

* No project body, water bottle etc. can be placed on / below the machine table.

* Machine cover can never be placed on machine during operation.

* Daily cleaning supervisor machine should be cleaned by the display board, production board, maintenance board.

* After the line supervisor, the production board will complete the display board, after a certain time.

* At the same table, multiple panels / style cut panels and labels can not be placed simultaneously.

* Every operator will remove everything from his machine to the previous style.

* The self-operator will keep his machine in proper angle.

* The seating chair and machine table will never exceed line signals line.

* Owner of the machine must change the machine's oil after specific time and clean the machine's inside.

 Treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry:

often under pressure.
Impurities possessed by woven cotton goods include natural impurities
like those mentioned above. Size and starch, or various substitutes, are used
to facilitate weaving. These can be removed by hydrolysis with acids or
enzymes, followed by rinsing, or may be removed during the scouring
process.
Scouring liquors tend to be alkaline and contain large amounts of organic
matter (see Table 6.2), which are both expensive to treat. The standards of
the river authorities, for example the Environment Agency in the UK, are
very high.
After scouring, the cotton is bleached using:
Hypochlorite, HClO Æ H+ + ClOUsually,
potassium or calcium chlorite, salts or peroxide are used
in bleaching. These remove and destroy natural colouring matter. Wastewaters
from this process contain partly spent bleaching solution
and impurities removed from the fibres. After bleaching, cotton is washed
and then immersed in a solution of sodium bicarbonate or weak H2SO4,
which destroys the bleach. Finally, a thorough wash with a soap solution is
necessary.
Mercerisation increases lustre and dye affinity.The process involves treating
the cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and then washing with
hot water whilst it is under tension. Any residual sodium hydroxide is
neutralised with acid and the cotton material is thoroughly washed.
Dyeing of fabric results in large volumes of liquor being discharged.

These liquors vary in character, depending on the nature and class of dye
used; for example they may be acidic or alkaline and will contain high concentrations
of salt and synthetic surface-active agents. Post-dyeing treat-
204 Textile processing with enzymes
Table 6.2 Typical scouring waste liquor from cotton linters
Properties and constituents Concentration (mg/dm3)
Permanganate value (4 hour) 8850
BOD (5 day) 10650
Ammoniacal nitrogen 52
Total nitrogen 492
Phosphate 35
Potassium 148
Alkalinity (CaCO3) 16750
ments involve the use of a variety of finishes such as starches, gums and
waxes, resins and other materials, depending on the required finish,
although these tend to be low in concentration because of the large volumes
of water that are added during the finishing processes.
Wastewaters from the processing of wool include scour, bleach and dye
liquors, plus associated washing waters. The two main differences from
cotton wastes are the degree of alkalinity and the nature of the organic
matter. Also, waste liquor from wool treatment may be acidic. Scouring
wastewaters contain a high proportion of wool grease (lanolin), in an emulsified
form, soluble organic matter and sand. Lanolin contains cholesterol
and other complex organic substances, which are readily absorbed by the

skin and are used in ointments and cosmetics.
Back washing liquor and yarn scouring liquor contain emulsified oils,
grease and fatty matter derived from soaps. Emulsions must be centrifuged
and then cracked with acid or other chemicals. Cracking is the process of
breaking down into smaller molecules which are more amenable to further
treatment processes.This aids wastewater treatment by making the soluble
components more able to be broken down by biological treatment.
Greasy solids are normally removed by flocculation and filtration prior
to mixing with other wastewater. Mixing and balancing waste liquors evens

out large variations in composition, temperature and flow. Balancing
involves neutralising acid or alkali so that the liquid is in a suitable condition
to go forward for secondary treatment.
Waste liquor from wool treatment is similar to that from cotton dyeing
but may be acidic. It contains large amounts of wetting agents and softeners
plus some salts and potentially toxic materials. These can be inhibitory
to biochemical processes, i.e. they retard or tend to prevent naturally occurring
biological processes.Waste liquor from the treatment of synthetic fibres
contains a variety of organic substances at several hundreds of milligrams
per litre many only slowly degraded by special microorganisms.

 

 Biotechnological methods: 

 For microbial dye decolourisation not connected to the activated sludge
process, bioreactors can be designed containing defined bacterial or fungal
cultures, isolated enzymes or enzyme mixtures immobilised on a solid
212 Textile processing with enzymes
carrier material. Such immobilised biocatalysts are much more susceptible
to damage by harsh chemical environments than are the mixed cultures

Biotechnological methods

present in activated sludge systems. Thus, they are preferentially used to
treat partial process streams within the plant where the composition and
physical properties are rather more readily controlled than the overall plant
effluent.
For instance, exhausted dyeing bath solutions have been decolourised
enzymatically using a laccase formulation and subsequently reused for the
preparation of new dyeing baths (Abadulla et al., 2000). Similarly, hydrogen
peroxide has been removed enzymatically from bleaching solutions
using a catalase in an industrial pilot experiment . Owing
to the use of high-specificity enzymes, only the target molecules are
attacked while valuable additives or fibres are kept intact and can be
reused.

                            Textile processing with enzymes:-

 

          Examples of enzyme cofactors and their roles 

              Cofactor                                                                                           Role 

      Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide                                      Oxidation/reduction         
      (NAD+, NADP+).                                                             reactions [those involving transfer of H-                                                                                                      (hydride) ion]

     Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) .                                    Oxidation/reduction reactions.

     Flavin mononucleotides (FMN).                                         Oxidation/reduction reactions .

     Biotin                                                                                 Carboxyl group transfer.

     Cobalamin                                                                           Methyl group transfer.

     Coenzyme A (CoA)                                                           Transfer of groups, e.g. acetyl.

     Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)                                          Acetaldehyde transfer.

     Tetrahydrofolate (THF)                                                     One-carbon transfer reactions.

      Pyridoxal phosphate                                                          Transamination and decarboxylation              
                                                                                               reactions.

Textile processing with enzymes

Metal ions:

   Fe, Cu, Mo                                            Oxidation/reduction reactions.

   Zn                                                                                 Helps bind NAD+

   Co                                                                                Part of cobalamin coenzyme.

   Mn                                                                               Aids in catalysis by electron withdrawal.

Textile processing with enzymes

Definitions of Waterproofing and Water Permeability of Fabrics:-

In daily life, people often contact with water, which put forward waterproof requirements for all kinds of textile. The waterproof and permeable properties are two sides in one property of the fabric, which refers to the resistance to water wetting and permeation by the water of the fabrics.

Water Permeability and Waterproofing

Influencing Factors of Fabric Permeability or Waterproof

The Testing Categories of Fabric Waterproofing:-

Spray Method:-

 Hydrostatic Pressure Method:-

Wicking Method:-

Rain Test Method:-

Notice:-